![]() ![]() Analogous traits arise when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways. 10Ĭonvergent evolution is the evolution of similar, or analogous, features in distantly related groups. Chick embryo (LM) Human embryo 9ġ0 Vestigial structures are remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors. Pharyngeal arches intimately develop into structures with vary different functions, such as gills in fishes and parts of the ears and throat in humans and other mammals. Pharyngeal arches Post-anal tail Comparative embryology reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms. Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat 8 Related species can have characteristics with underlying similarity that function differently. The human version of the gene can be inserted into a fly and still trigger the building of an insect eye.ħ Homologous structures are anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor. 4ĥ Example of homology All of these species carry a version of the gene Pac-6 that is used in eye formation. Homologous genes can be found in organisms as dissimilar as humans and bacteria. Examples of homologies at the molecular level are genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor. Homology is similarity resulting from common ancestry. ![]() Convergent evolutionģ There are four types of data that document the pattern of evolutionĬoncept 19.3: Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence New discoveries continue to fill the gaps identified by Darwin in The Origin of Species There are four types of data that document the pattern of evolution Direct observations Homology The fossil record Biogeography 3Ĥ Homology Evolution is a process of descent with modification. Chapter 19 Homologous and Analogous StructuresĢ Need to Know The difference between homologous and analogous structures and how this relates to evolution. ![]()
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